The Parisian club has now secured the season-opening cup on 14 different times.
Paris Saint-Germain required a dramatic leveler followed by a successful spot-kick decider to get past Marseille in the Gulf and secure a fourth straight French Super Cup victory.
The Champions League holders seemed to be coasting towards a comfortable win in the match featuring the Ligue 1 champions and the French Cup winners after the French winger found the scoring early on.
Yet, Marseille struck twice late to take a shock lead. Initially, Mason Greenwood scored from the spot-kick, before the defender inadvertently turned the ball into his own net for an own-goal.
In a remarkable twist of events, Goncalo Ramos grabbed a crucial leveler in the dying moments to send the match into a penalty shootout. PSG goalkeeper Chevalier then emerged as the hero, stopping decisive kicks from O'Riley and Traore.
In the shootout, Ramos, Vitinha, Nuno Mendes, and Desire Doue all scored successfully for Paris Saint-Germain to seal a convincing shootout win.
Now 14-time champions PSG, who faced last season's Ligue 1 second-placed team Olympique de Marseille after completing a domestic double, have now won this competition for the 12th time in the last 13 seasons.